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As the gateway to Central Europe from the East and lapped by the waters of the Caspian Sea, Azerbaijan's history is dominated by the old routes of Eurasia - especially The Silk Road. Some 6,000 historical monuments dating from thousands of years ago and built by a myriad of cultures beckon travellers to this newly independent nation in the Caucasus.
Ancient cities and towns, palaces, mausoleums, churches and mosques, chapels, caravanserais and watchtowers are just some of the monuments remaining that fascinate visitors, warmly welcomed by the Azeri people whose reputation for hospitality is legendary.
Besides its historical attractions, Azerbaijan also offers the stunning natural beauty of its diverse landscape, which includes coastline, forests, mountains and plains. The climate is so diverse here that one can experience four seasons in one day in various parts of the country.
Many tourists also come to enjoy the country's world-class health spas, mineral springs, theatres, museums and international sports events. |
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The Icheri Shekher (Old City) is the oldest part of the capital Baku and dates from the Middle Ages. Reflecting those unsettled times, it is surrounded by an impressive defensive wall. Within the complex are 40 structures such as towers, palaces and mosques. Shirvanshahs' Palace is considered one of the masterpieces of Azeri architecture and is known as 'The Pearl of Old Baku'. It is the one-time residence of the Shirvanshahs and provides a glimpse into how Azeri rulers lived between the 13th and 15th centuries. The Temple of the Fire Worshippers in the town of Surakhany near Baku dates from the 18th century and is built on a site that has been holy for the practitioners of Zoroastrianism for many centuries. Theirs was the dominant world religion for over 1,000 years, with origins dating back to the 6th century BC. It was thus the most powerful religion at the time of Jesus and still has followers in modern day India and Iran. Azerbaijan State Historical and Natural Art Reserve at Quobustan is a short bus trip from the capital. A series of 20 caves and natural shelters used by prehistoric hunters, the reserve boasts over 4,000 rock paintings portraying Neolithic society. The Ancient Town of Sheki was at the centre of the trade routes crossing the region. Silk embroidered in gold by local craftsmen was exported from Sheki to the four corners of the known world. The palace of the 18th-century ruling khans makes a journey here worthwhile. The Ancient Town of Shemakha is one of the country's oldest settlements and a former capital of the Shirvanshahs. Lenkoran on the Caspian Sea is known for its nature reserve and parks. Azerbaijan Historical Museum is located in Baku and boasts many displays on Azerbaijan's rich heritage. The Ancient Town of Quba is known for its natural beauty. Ganja, the country's second city, makes a perfect base for exploring the Caucasus range. It was home to Azerbaijan's most famous poet, Nizami Ganjavi, who lived here in the 12th century. |
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